![]() A mathematical treatment of the forces within and between the molecules in such groups can probably be studied with much profit only from the quantum viewpoint. A detailed description of the molecular arrangement in water from x-ray data is not at present possible yet it simulates the crystal arrangement in ice. The experimental facts are in agreement with this view. These groups of molecules containing hundreds and perhaps thousands of molecules in each, have a temporary existence as individuals, have illdefined boundaries, possess an optimum size and an internal regularity determined by the temperature and molecular forces, and expand anisotropically. To make the distinction between diffraction and refraction effects in the atmosphere, consider what size droplet would be. In fact, the description of "association" that involves complexes of two or three or more molecules, should be abandoned in favor of the molecular group conception, (cybotactic condition) emphasized by the author. It is shown that the conception of molecular complexes explains neither the existence of these periodicities nor their change with temperature. The first one decreases with increasing temperature and the second increases. The diffracting object or aperture effectively becomes a secondary source of the propagating wave. Two important periodicities of 3.24 and 2.11A and a third of 1.13A at 21☌ are established in satisfactory agreement with Meyer. Diffraction is defined as the interference or bending of waves around the corners of an obstacle or through an aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle/aperture. c f, where c 3.00 × 10 8 m/s is the speed of light in vacuum, f is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave in Hz (or s 1 ), and is its wavelength in m. As we have seen previously, light obeys the equation. The x-ray diffraction intensity-angle distribution for water and its variation for a temperature of 2° to 98° C, are given. We know that visible light is the type of electromagnetic wave to which our eyes responds.
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